Description And Classification Of Schizophrenia Essay

Description and Classification What is schizophrenia? The America Psychiatric Association explain schizophrenia in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV(DSM-IV) as a disarray with active symptoms for at least 1 month, consisting of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized/bizarre behavior, and/or a lack of organized speech, activity, or emotions. Usually, at least two of these sets of indication are present. The illness, with a prodromal stage prior to diagnosis and a residual stage after treatment (both having some often nonspecific behavioral symptoms), lasts at least 6 months with a continuous sign of some disturbance. During this period, an individual with schizophrenia is clearly considered impaired in his or ability to perform at work, attend school, or participate in social activities in a productive way (Jones Bartlett, 2010). A. Symptoms 1. Delusions Delusions are viewpoint that are not true. There are several dissimilar kinds of delusions. If you believe that people are trying to injury you even though this is not the case, you are suffering from a paranoid delusion. This can be a frighten experience because it seems so real. Delusions of reference occur when things in the environment seem to be directly related to you even though they are not. For example, it may seem as if people are talking about you or special personal messages are being communicated to you through the TV, radio, or other media. SomaticShow MoreRelatedA Detailed Description of Schizophrenia1023 Words   |  5 Pages Comparison Contrast Paper Introduction Schizophrenia is described as a very severe, chronic, and debilitating cognitive or psychological problem that is highly characterized with increased mortality and morbidity, heavy burden to the public health care and socioeconomic development in terms of treatment and management, and increased risks to a plethora of life threatening adverse health events and complications (Gaebel, 2011). This condition is categorized as a terminal or lifelong mentalRead MoreImplication of Schizotypy as a Personality Trait Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pagescomponents that map onto the clinical heterogeneity of schizophrenia (and potentially other forms of psychosis)† (Mason, O. 1995, P.272). And so therefore this leads onto another question of, if it is not a single trait then what are the other factors? This essay will also look into the differences with other similar constructs such as schizophrenia, and whether there are aspects of schizotypy that predict future schizophrenia? Finally discussing evidence in coherence to theseRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Effects On Society1195 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is a considered a severely chronic, disabling brain disease. Sufferers that have schizophrenia tend to experience hallucinations, delusions and sometimes distorted reality. When an individual is diagnosed with schizophrenia, they are physically inept to acting out â€Å"everyday functions†. With careful research, it is now known nearly one percent of the American population develops schizophrenia. Unfortunately, that portion is about two million american citizens and the numbers are slowlyRead MoreSchizophreni A Long Term Psychotic Disorder1265 Words   |  6 PagesDefinition of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a long term psychotic disorder which severely affects the way a person thinks, behaves and their perception of the world. This illness has a negative impact on an individual’s social and occupational functioning and usually results in the affected person withdrawing from their family and friend (Trigoboff, 2008). The current DSM-V classification explores this definition in further detail and allows for reliable diagnosis in patients with schizophrenia. AccordingRead MoreRates Of Violence In Adult-Onset Schizophrenia1718 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough findings in research have revealed an increased rate of acts of violence in adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS), less attention has been directed toward the rates of violence in early-onset schizophrenia (EOS, Ross, Maximon, Kusumi, Lurie, 2013). In a study conducted by Ross et al. (2013), rates of violence were measured in participants ages 4 through 15 years diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or psychosis not otherwise specified, according to the fourth edition of the DiagnosticRead MoreSchizophrenia: Factors and Treatment Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesSchizophrenia is a psychological disorder that affects about 2.2 million people (Lumpur, 2005). As a child, this author did not understand the term â€Å"schizophrenic†. All that was known was that a person with the disease did not appear to be sick but on the inside they are mentally disturbed. The author’s pr eviously thoughts of schizophrenia was unclear, this report will describe schizophrenia and its causative factors as well as descriptions on how schizophrenia is diagnosed and treated. SchizophreniaRead MoreThe Diagnostic And Statistical Manuals3005 Words   |  13 Pagesdiscussions have argued for the implementation of a dimensional classification system, the categorical approach continues to dominate the field of psychology and psychiatry linked to clinical practice. This essay will present a comparison between categorical and dimensional approaches to the diagnostic of psychosis by highlighting advantage and disadvantages to each approach with respect to psychosis disorders. Categorical Pros The classification schemes in common usage are based on separate categoriesRead MoreOne Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest 1245 Words   |  5 Pagestall, Native American, Chief Bromden, trapped in the Oregon psychiatric ward, suffers from the psychological condition of paranoid schizophrenia. This fictional character in Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest struggles with extreme mental illness, but he also falls victim to the choking grasp of society, which worsens Bromden’s condition. Paranoid schizophrenia is a rare mental illness that leads to heavy delusions and hallucinations among other, less serious, symptoms. Through the love andRead MoreThe Biological Theories Of Crime Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pagesto explain behavior. Ernst Kretschmer was one of the most important psychiatrists during the first half of the 20th century. He proposed the idea of constitutional body types in relation to deviant behavior. Kretschmer is known for developing a classification system that can be seen as one of the earliest exponents of a constitutional approach. This approach had developed through the idea that physiological mechanisms might be responsible for variations in human physique and temperament. He establishedRead MoreThe Mental Health Disorder Of Schizophrenia Essay2383 Words   |  10 PagesThe mental health disorder was identified by the german physician Dr. Emile Kraepelin in 1887 as â€Å"dementia praecox† (early dementia), and the term schizophrenia was first introduced by Eugen Bleuler, a Swiss psychiatrist in 1911, formed from the Greek schizo (split) and phrene (mind) to describe the disruption of cognition and emotion. Schizophrenia refers to a long-term psychotic illness that’s cause is still largely unknown despite dating back to 1550 BC Egypt , and being observed in all cultures

“Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Behaviour in Terms of...

â€Å"Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one†. The term ‘therapy’ has been defined as an activity which ‘involves the treatment of a disease or disorder, by some remedial, rehabilitating, or curative process’. Historically, there has been considerable development in the range and types of therapy that can be used to help a client overcome problems in a modern world, with some sharing similarities but also differences. The intent of this essay is to compare and contrast the behaviourist perspective with a psychoanalytical approach, drawing out their†¦show more content†¦His investigation of Operant Conditioning on pigeons and rats uncovered, he believed, that many of the principles of Operant Conditioning could be applied to humans. An example in humans is the idea that if we are praised for showing polite behaviour in childhood we will learn that polite behaviour will bring rewards and so will behave politely without thinking. In parallel, Operant Conditioning has been used to explain the d evelopment of abnormal behaviour in humans. For examples, adolescents who are ridiculed for being overweight may stop eating to reduce their weight, going on to develop an eating disorder. It is considered that one of the main strengths of the behaviourist approach is that it focuses on behaviour that can be observed, manipulated and measured. The principles behind behaviourism have made it accessible to studying in a laboratory, focusing its testing upon animals and how that behaviour compares to human behaviour. Indeed, the use of behavioural therapy, currently in the NHS, has proved to be a popular, low cost method that medical practionners choose as treatment for a range of disorders or abnormal behaviours. The behavioural therapist focuses on the ‘here and now’ and avoids looking at an individual’s past history and past causes for maladaptive behaviour, believing that this is not always helpful andShow MoreRelatedChrysalis module four behaviourism stud3023 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬ËœBehaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one’ In this essay I will first of all explain the main principles and theories that underpin the behaviourist approach to psychology. I will subsequently outline how behaviourist theory can provide therapists with some insight into both the causes of maladaptive behaviourRead More‘Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Behaviour in Terms of the Learning Principles That Sustain and Maintain It. Discuss This Statement and Show How a Behaviourist’s Approach to Therapy Is in Stark Contrast to a Psychoanalytic.’2499 Words   |  10 Pages‘Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic.’ Introduction In this essay I intend to compare and contrast the behaviourist perspective with a psychoanalytical approach to therapy, in relation to the above statement and will explore their fundamental principles and differences. Throughout the centuries

Olympic Games Attitude Scale †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Olympic Games Attitude Scale. Answer: Introduction: In the context of tourism and hospitality, event life cycle model comprises of six different phases as follows (i) Exploration: few adventurous individuals seeking something different for their holiday determine a location that is unique with respect to landscape, history, natural beauty, or else culture. There shall not be any tourist services with local people not being involved within tourist activities for making money, (ii) Involvement: local people gradually notice an increasing amount of individuals visiting their area motivating them tostart businesses for providing transport, guides, accommodation / food, etc., (iii) Development: Bigger companies start seeing an emerging potential within this area for tourist resorts and hence decide investing money. They start building larger hotel and infrastructure selling packaged holiday services. The same makes dramatic / massive expansion and tourist visits and consequent job opportunities, (iv) Consolidation: This local economy coul d be dominated largely by tourism in this phase and dependence over conventional trade / commerce shall reduce drastically. Naturally, the overall quality levels shall start to vary due to increase participation, (v) Stagnation: competition arising from various resorts, overall reduction in civil behaviour in crowd population, losses in initial attractiveness of the location could lead to the resort hindering its growth, and, (vi) Decline (or) Rejuvenation: Starting from point of stagnation the can be two different possibilities Decline over varied forms that could either be gradual or else swift with regular visitors being replaced with people looking cheaper breaks, other day trippers, etc., or Rejuvenation involving certain cash injection by existing private companies or else government, for creating newer attraction or upgrades to existing facilities (Getz and Page 2016; Yang et al. 2014; Easthope et al. 2014). The Winter Olympics for the year 2014, referred officially as XXII Olympic Winter Games and widely referred to Sochi 2014, represented major multi-sport event at an international level held between 7th February and 23rd February in the year 2014 at Sochi in Russia (Dean 2014; Lyu and Han 2017; Dickson et al. 2017). The event was characterized by the opening of rounds for specific events which were held in the opening ceremony eve, that is, 6th February. Both Olympics as well as Winter Paralympics for 2014 were organized by Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC) (Dean 2014; Lyu and Han 2017; Dickson et al. 2017). The overall scale for newer planning, overall infrastructure as well as development leading to hosting a Winter Olympic Games at Sochi has led the indirect form of objective in generating transformation at a regional, city and urban level (Dean 2014; Lyu and Han 2017; Dickson et al. 2017). When Russia identified Sochi for competing with the right for hosting, President Putin undertook lobbying personally indicating the significance of the decision. This region was already targeted for purposes of development by FTP of Russia that had carried the volume of investment at US Dollar 12 billion if Sochi won bidding for Olympics and US Dollar 4.5 billion if Sochi did not win bidding for Olympics (Dean 2014; Lyu and Han 2017; Dickson et al. 2017). The overall objective with FTP was for modernising this region through the creation of newer infrastructure and for constructing sports venues. Hence the overall development at Sochi region would eventually had taken place even if it did not win t he bid for hosting Olympic Winter Games for 2014, even if the levels of investment were reduced (Dean 2014; Lyu and Han 2017; Dickson et al. 2017). Sochis Winter Olympics Growth Stage Differing from various other hosting cities for Olympics in the past, Sochi failed to have any venues for competition that already existed. In specific there was a specific lack of international standards compliant sliding facilities, ski jumping and alpines, and in addition suitable logistics / infrastructure for supporting the same (Dean 2014; Tavakkoli 2016; Akhmetshina et al. 2017). They were required in building all things from scratch. Eleven new venues for winter sports, various shopping malls, multi-storied parking space, hotels, office buildings, apartment buildings, schools, medical centres as well as university were subsequently constructed (Dean 2014; Tavakkoli 2016; Akhmetshina et al. 2017). These various constructions were supplemented with newer infrastructure as well as systems for transport encompassing newer offshore terminals for allowing yachts and cruise ships for docking and for cargo purposes. The events opening ceremony was held during 7th of February 2014 in the indoor arena named Fisht Olympic constructed particularly for this ceremonies (Dean 2014; Kromidha et al. 2017; Mak et al. 2016). This ceremony featured various scenes on the basis of Russian arts and history which included ballet, Russian Revolution, classical music, as well as the era of Soviet Union (Dean 2014; Kromidha et al. 2017; Mak et al. 2016). Close to 88 different nations were qualified for competing. About 98 events spanning across 15 disciplines within 7 sports was staged in this Sochi 2014 event. The events closing ceremony was on 23rd of February 2014 at the same indoor arena named Fisht Olympic (Dean 2014; Kromidha et al. 2017; Mak et al. 2016). Recommendations With highly costly as well as complex form of processes for bidding / planning which takes up close to 10 years prior to the actually hosting the event, the primarily aim for hosting various major events lie in driving or facilitating changes irrespective of the same being social, cultural, economic, urban, or just most often a combine of the listed elements (de Groot and Essex 2016; Boykoff and Mascarenhas 2016). It shall not always just be about construction for specialised facilities on account of the cities using the Olympics for accomplishing various urban objectives which shall last far longer as compared to overall life cycle of the events. When any city wins a bid for hosting Winter Olympic Games, the overall effect over the urban landscape as well as role played by Olympics for influencing or creating the legacies of host city are significant (de Groot and Essex 2016; Boykoff and Mascarenhas 2016). In case of Sochi, instead of making use of underutilised or else brownfield i ndustrial regions, preparations at Sochi involved the use of wetlands for various development of the Olympic infrastructure with evident losses to wildlife, greenery and immense sustainability damages (de Groot and Essex 2016; Boykoff and Mascarenhas 2016). In this context, the recommendations proposed for ensuring sustainability across mega events include the following, Setting highest levels of standards for code of construction of buildings, infrastructure, etc. and ensuring the same effectively enforced and monitored (Oldiges 2015; Boykoff and Mascarenhas 2016). Creating a collaboration program with the various corporates large and SMEs within the region for devising means and approaching to reduce carbon emissions which surge during the events and agreeing upon on limitation levels for the carbon emissions (Oldiges 2015; Boykoff and Mascarenhas 2016). Identifying, establishing and enforcing certain per cent of the parking stalls across the various parking spaces, constructions, sporting venues, etc. to have capacities for relying upon renewable energy sources thereby reducing carbon emissions (Oldiges 2015; Boykoff and Mascarenhas 2016). It has to be noted that these proposed measures are not exhaustive but at a basic level aid in ensuring that the overall guiding factors as well as motivations for undertaking a sustainable venture are in place and effective in its reliance. Reference List Akhmetshina, E.R., Ignatjeva, O.A. and Ablaev, I.M., 2017. Tendencies and Prospects of Public-Private Partnership Development in the Field of Physical Culture and Sport. European Research Studies, 20(2), p.422. Boykoff, J. and Mascarenhas, G., 2016. The Olympics, Sustainability, and Greenwashing: The Rio 2016 Summer Games. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 27(2), pp.1-11. De Groot, J. and Essex, S.J., 2016. The Winter Olympics: driving urban change, 1924-2022. In Olympic Cities: City Agendas, Planning, and the World's Games, 1896-2020. Routledge. Dean, K. 2014. Winter Olympic Games: Long-term Lessons for Sochi [online] Available at: https://www.qbusiness.pl/uploads/Raporty/colsochi.pdf [Accessed on 30th August 2017] Dickson, T.J., Dickson, T.J., Misener, L., Misener, L., Darcy, S. and Darcy, S., 2017. Enhancing destination competitiveness through disability sport event legacies: Developing an interdisciplinary typology. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(3), pp.924-946. Easthope, H., Warnken, J., Sherry, C., Coiacetto, E., Dredge, D., Guilding, C., Johnston, N., Lamminmaki, D. and Reid, S., 2014. How property title impacts urban consolidation: A life cycle examination of multi-title developments. Urban Policy and Research, 32(3), pp.289-304. Getz, D. and Page, S.J., 2016. Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Routledge. Kromidha, E., Spence, L.J., Anastasiadis, S. and Dore, D., 2017. A Longitudinal Perspective on Sustainability and Innovation Governmentality: The Case of the Olympic Games as a Mega-Event. Journal of Management Inquiry, p.1056492617711585. Lyu, S.O. and Han, J.H., 2017. Assessing preferences for mega sports event travel products: a choice experimental approach. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(7), pp.740-758. Mak, J.Y., Cheung, S.Y., King, C.C. and Lam, E.T., 2016. Validation of the Olympic Games Attitude Scale (OGAS): Evidence from Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 20(2), pp.99-111. Oldiges, J., 2015. Evaluation of the effectiveness of policies related to the sustainability of Mega Sports Events (Bachelor's thesis, University of Twente). Tavakkoli, M., 2016. Leveraging of the Olympic Games on Mega-Sporting Events: A Strategic Framework for the Development of Sport. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 4(2), pp.44-56. Yang, J., Ryan, C. and Zhang, L., 2014. Sustaining culture and seeking a Just Destination: Governments, power and tensiona life-cycle approach to analysing tourism development in an ethnic-inhabited scenic area in Xinjiang, China. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(8), pp.1151-1174.

Surveillance and the Workplace-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Surveillance in Supermarkets-Should Employees Needs to be searched? Answer: The current dispute about Surveillance in Supermarket is overwhelming and it indulges me to think on this matter (Gunarathne 2015, p.8). The topic reminds me of an incident which happened with a friend of mine in front of our group, five years ago when we visited a supermarket for the first time. This supermarket was under Surveillance systems for protection. We were doing window-shopping when one of my friends needed to visit the changing. The first time, she did not notice anything in the changing room until she again went to the changing room, this time, she came back shouting and holding a little-hidden camera, which was in video mode to record the activity in the changing room. We were outrageous and took the matter to the mall manager who first refused to believe the incident happened and told us that all the employees in the mall are honest and loyal, but then, after noticing the little-hidden camera as proof, he told us that he would take necessary actions. We agreed and watched the Surveillance system footage and identified the man as one of the sales staff who is responsible for the incident. Instantly the manager dismissed him from his job and kicked him out to reinstate the mall's reputation. My friend wanted to complain but the manager pursued her not to take the incident to the higher authority. My friend had avoided the humiliating situation, but there should be a rule or tightened security for the "mall's employees" so that they cannot bring any stuff to record customer's activity. I think we need to have a tightened security for searching the employees so that they cannot go against the moral of the company he is working and bring some stuff that can record something when there are mall's surveillance systems to protect (Mali MB 2015, p.13-15). I think many employees in supermarket, mall cannot agree with me, and I guess their reactions will be that only one incident cannot prove anything that employees need to be searched as well as customers. However, what if my friend cannot notice the hidden camera and later on this recording could have been posted in any online sites by the perpetrator? How much would have been the damage then? Foucault elaborates on Benthams theory of surveillance. There is a type of power, strategy and a kind of technology when everyone is potentially under surveillance. Foucault involves formal and evident institutions where there has to be an ideal system. The main aim according to Foucault is the prosperity of the society in a nation. The view is applied to panopticism in relation to rise in the use of CCTV cameras. The watcher is not visible by the others. The recording can be stored that allows the spectator become omnipresent in nature not only in space but also in time. The CCTV is the perfect example that proves Foucaults analysis on the surveillance. Nevertheless, this surveillance has also helped to provide discipline to infrastructures. The system of power lies with the ad hoc and informal networks of the infrastructures. As a result, the controlling of societies does not just implement a different way of governing and thus forms a fault line in thinking about surveillance in p laces. Deluze along with Guattari develops the analysis by Foucault. They diverge from the panoptic vision and propose a number of latest places of power where the socio-technical landscape has changed. The difference is in the way that the modulation by them is visible for the citizens and the subjects concerned. The point made by Deluze in relating to surveillance was about the individuals becoming less relevant when they are the subjects of surveillance. The power has shifted towards the controlling access. The notion of dividual by Deluze gazes towards individuals not as uniform beings but as individuals who perform different roles at different places. He focused on open places. Surveillance cannot be limited to only physical places as prisons, hospitals, factories and so on. Haggery and Ericson proposed on a concept of the surveillant assemblage, which was inspired, by the concept of Deluze and Guattari. This is referred to as the multiplicity of heterogeneous objects where the unity arises from working together. These are visible in recording machines that make and record discrete observations. The assemblage has a leveling effect on the hierarchies of surveillance due to the new target in population that is being monitored by the help of the innovative and intensified technological possibilities. Therefore, surveillance nowadays is used to construct and monitor the consumption patterns, construct consumer profile to limit the access to places and information. Due to this leading purpose of contemporary surveillance, the monitoring is directed towards the human body for canalizing access to the places and the information and production of consumer profiles by reconstruction of the behavior of the people. The surveillance is done by reassembly and de-territorialisation. Surveillance can be enjoyed as watching and exposing oneself can be a form of entertainment at times. It plays an important function in establishing and reinforcing public equalities. However, there is a negative impact of surveillance also as it may be a concern for the individuals who are being monitored. The individual may not accept the intrusion of their privacy. Hence, when the methods of surveillance are applied the matter of the privacy of an individual entity should also be kept in mind. Thomas Scanlon responds with the argument that analysis by Thomson was counter-intuitive and complicated in nature. Instead, he proposed that there are zones, which are socially defined that enables to act with assuming that one is not being monitored. James Rachels (Rachels1975, p.17), responds to both Scanlon and Thomson with the help of the argument that privacy is a subject of relationships when one defines ones relationship with others there is the use of varying degrees of privacy that establishes intimacy. There is a high degree of privacy with an unknown person or a stranger. While with a close member of the family, one expects to have less amount of privacy. Not all customers are shoplifters and to prevent shoplifting from the supermarket or mall they used surveillance systems (Chotipanich and Issarasak 2017, 236-253). So why not search the employees so that it would prevent any such incident from happening with any other customers such as my friend, who after the incident was terrified to visit malls for the succeeding years. It will also help for better security of customers and employees References Bentham, J. (2010). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Principles of Morals and Legislation. [online] Available at: https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/bentham1780.pdf [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. Chotipanich, S. and Issarasak, S. (2017). A study of facility management operation strategy in shopping malls.Property Management, 35(3), pp.236-253. Gunarathne, U. (2015). Why Customers Going Supermarkets? (Comparative Study of Motivation Factors Affecting to Visit Supermarkets).SSRN Electronic Journal. Macnish, K. (2002). Surveillance Ethics. Environment Encyclopedia Philosophy. [online] Available at: https://www.iep.utm.edu/surv-eth/ [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. Mali MB, C. (2015). A Review on Surveillance and Protection System for Malls.International Journal of Advancements in Technology, 06(01), pp.13-15.